MicroRNA-302b mitigates renal fibrosis via inhibiting TGF-ß/Smad pathway activation

Renal fibrosis is one of the most significant pathological changes after ureteral obstruction. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays essential roles in kidney fibrosis regulation. The aims of the present study were to investigate effects of microRNA-302b (miR-302b) on renal fibrosis, and interaction between miR-302b and TGF-β signaling pathway in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Microarray dataset GSE42716 was downloaded by retrieving Gene Expression Omnibus database. In accordance with bioinformatics analysis results, miR-302b was significantly down-regulated in UUO mouse kidney tissue and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Masson's trichrome staining showed that miR-302b mimics decreased renal fibrosis induced by UUO. The increased mRNA expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of E-cadherin were reversed by miR-302b mimics. In addition, miR-302b up-regulation also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK-2 cells by restoring E-cadherin expression and decreasing α-SMA expression. miR-302b mimics suppressed both luciferase activity and protein expression of TGF-βR2. However, miR-302b inhibitor increased TGF-βR2 luciferase activity and protein expression. Meanwhile, miR-302b mimics inhibited TGF-βR2 mRNA expression and decreased Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, over-expression of TGF-βR2 restored the miR-302b-induced decrease of collagen I and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miR-302b attenuated renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-βR2 to suppress TGF-β/Smad signaling activation. Our findings showed that elevating renal miR-302b levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing renal fibrosis.

Progress on the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder with bone defect / 中国骨伤

Recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder with bone defect is one of the common diseases of shoulder joint. How to effectively repair glenoid bone defect and reduce recurrence rate of shoulder dislocation is a problem that clinicians focus on. Bone grafting could stimulate bone, promote bone regeneration and bone remodeling, and restore the normal anatomical structure of glenoid. Among them, Bristow-Latarjet procedure is a classic operation for recurrent shoulder dislocation. Latarjet procedure could repair larger glenoid bone defects, but with higher surgical skills for surgeons;autogenous iliac grafting is the first choice for revision once Latarjet procedure failed;osteochondral grafting (autogenous and allogenous) has certain advantages in reconstructing original articular surface and preventing joint degeneration, but autologous osteochondral grafting may cause secondary injury, while immune rejection is difficult to avoid for allogenous osteochondral grafting. With the improvement of composite materials, and the mechanism of bone regeneration and remodeling, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of bone grafting, tissue engineering technology may become an effective method for the treatment of glenoid bone defect in the future.

Progress on arthroscopic surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation / 中国骨伤

The surgical treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation is a difficult problem in the field of sports injury medicine. The main reason focus on dynamic and osseous constraints of shoulder joint could not recover well. At present, arthroscopic surgery is used at home and abroad, and could receive statisfied postoperative effect, but the choice of specific surgical methods is still controversial. According to presence and size of glenoid and humeral skull defects, different treatments should be selected in clinic. The author recommends that no articular glenoid defect or glenoid defect 40% or Bristow-Latarjet if the surgical repair fails, bone grafting is used. In addition, if (humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligaments, HAGL) injury existed, HAGL injury repair should be used. In addition to considering the important factor of bone defects, it is necessary to combine patient's age, exercise level and surgeon's technique to comprehensively select the bestsurgical method.

Progress on improving tendon-to-bone healing for the enthesis of rotator cuff / 中国骨伤

Rotator cuff repair is a common treatment for rotator cuff tear, which could effectively relieve shoulder pain and improve shoulder movement, and the incidence of rotator cuff retear after rotator cuff repair is still high. The main reason is poor tendon-bone healing in rotator cuff enthesis after rotator cuff repair and could not recover the original histological structure and biomechanical properties. Therefore, the key to solve the problem is how to effectively improve the healing of tendon bone at the end of rotator cuff. With the in-depth study of rotator cuff enthesis, various treatments have made great progress on improving tendon to bone healing of rotator cuff. Our study will discuss the researchprogress on tendon to bone healing of rotator cuff in recent years from three following aspects to provide some guidance for the clinical treatment of rotator cuff tear:the factors affecting the tendon to bone healing of rotator cuff, the recovery of tendon to bone interface promoting the tendon to bone healing of rotator cuff and the application of tissue engineering in tendon to bone healing.

Research advance in surface modification of titanium alloys with chitosan / 中国骨伤

Titanium alloy has good biological properties and is commonly used in orthopedics, but its bone integrity and antibacterial properties are poor, so surface modification is needed to make up for its shortcomings. Chitosan has good biocompatibility and film forming ability, and can be used as a carrier to introduce the target drug to the surface of titanium alloy, which can effectively improve the biological properties of titanium alloy materials and increase its application range. In this paper, the related research of chitosan surface modified titanium alloy materials in recent years is summarized. The modification methods of chitosan coating, the improvement of osteogenesisand antibacterial properties of titanium alloy materials are discussed in order to provide guidance for the clinical application of coating modification of titanium alloy materials.

Advance in Voluntary Postural Control Assessment (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Postural control plays a crucial role in maintaining posture stability and improving performance efficiency. It involves involuntary and voluntary components. There is not a unified model for assessment of voluntary postural control. Based on the research framework of voluntary postural control, this paper reviewed three common voluntary postural control assessment tools (Timed "Up and Go" Test, Balance Evaluation System Test and Unified Balance Scale). The Timed “Up and Go” Test contains various capabilities which are recommended by the framework. There are few restrictions on the facilities and test circumstance, and it can be used in different populations. Balance Evaluation System Test consists of three different versions; each of them has high structure validity and shows different characteristics in the evaluation of voluntary postural control. The items of Unified Balance Scale also cover most of capabilities provided by the framework, and there are quality control methods in the scale. These tools would be selected according to purpose, occasion and time of study, or used in combination.

Surveillance and risk assessment system of schistosomiasis epidemic focus in Hankou marshland of Wuhan City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

To construct a monitoring and risk assessment system of schistosomiasis epidemic focus in marshland, so as to grasp the risk of schistosomiasis transmission, and to provide the technical support for targeted prevention and control measures.The crowd and the risk source of schistosomiasis in Hankou marshland in Wuhan City were monitored to grasp the risk factors of schistosomiasis. The risk level was evaluated by the three-dimensional risk matrix and three-dimensional visualization method.The total numbers of people on holidays and working days were 59 582 and 36 382 persontimes a day respectively in Hankou marshland. Fishing and swimming were the most common ways to contact the river water. The most majority of the people exposed to river water were male (73.9%), retirees (36.1%), local residents (69.7%) and people whose income was 1000 – 3000 yuan per month (52.1%), and the awareness of protection of them was low. In spring, the average density of living Oncomelania hupensis snails was 0.993/0.1 m2, the rat density was 7.72%, and the density of wild feces was 0.78/hm2. In autumn, the average density of living snails was 0.596 /0.1 m2, the rat density was 5.22%, and the density of wild feces was 0.32/hm2. The average density of living snails, the rat density and the density of wild feces were reduced by 39.9%, 32.4% and 59.0% respectively in autumn compared with those in spring. The risk assessment results of three-dimensional matrix showed that part 1 and part 2 were medium risk, part 3 was high risk and part 4 was maximum risk. The risk assessment results of the visualization method showed that the risk level increased from part 1 to part 4, which were basically consistent with the results of the risk matrix.There is a relatively large risk of schistosome infection in Hankou marshland in 2013. The surveillance and risk assessment system of epidemic focus is feasible and scientific.

Clinical efficacy of puerarin injection combined with reduced glutathione in treatment of diabetic nephropathy / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the clinical effects of puerarin injection combined with reduced glutathione in the treatment of stage Ⅲ of diabetic nephropathy.Methods One hundred inpatients with stage Ⅲ of diabetic nephropathy in the Chongqing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to October 2016 were selected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table method,50 cases in each group.Both groups took the basic therapy of controlling blood sugar,blood lipids and blood pressure.On the basis of general treatment,the control group was added with reduced glutathione injection 1.8 g/d,while on the basis of the control treatment,the observation group was added with puerarin injection 300 mg/d.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG),blood pressure,blood fat,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),24 h urinary total protein,urine albumin,urine β2 micro-globulin (β2-MG),NAG,and other indicators before and after treatment were detected in the two groups.Results FPG,2 h PG,blood pressure and blood fat after treatment in the observation group and control group were improved,but the improvement in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05);the levels of SCr,BUN,24 h urine protein,urine albumin and β2 micro-globulin and urine NAG in the observation group and control group patients were reduced to some extent(P＜ 0.05),which were significantly improved compared with before treatment (P＜0.05),but the improvement degree in the observation group were better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Puerarin injection combined with reduced glutathione injection has obvious therapeutic effect in treating the stageⅢ of diabetic nephropathy,and has less adverse reactions,is safe and effective and can be promoted and applied in clinic.

Analysis on Influence of Specific Clinical Function of Dioscorea opposita Thunb / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to analyze the influence of specific clinical effect of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. by dosage in order to summarize its rules. Recordings on pills containing D. opposita Thunb. from the classic prescrip-tion of the Formula Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected. Dosage of D. opposita Thunb. was used as the cardinal line. EXcellwas used to conduct schematic analysis. The results showed that small amount of D. opposita Thunb. had the effect of reinforcing the spleen. The effect of tonifying the lung had the dosage boundary line of 10 g. The small dosage had weak effect and large dosage had strong effect. The effect of tonifying the kidney was often the middle dosage. When the dose was larger or smaller, the effect was not obvious. The effect of consoli-dating the kidney was obvious when using larger or smaller dosage. It was concluded that the dosage of D. opposita Thunb. had relatively big influence on its effect, which provided reference of more value for the clinical practice and health cultivation.

Content Comparison on Quercetin from Different Parts of Penthorum Chinense Pursh. from Sichuan Province / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to determinate the content of quercetin from different parts (such as flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and branches) of Penthorum chinense Pursh. from Sichuan province so as to offer reference for the comprehensivedeve lopment and utilization of P. chinense Pursh. The quantitative determination of quercetin from five groups of different parts of P. chinense Pursh. were carried out and put into comparison by the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that there were larger differences of content among different parts. The highest content of the medical parts were flowers and fruits, which was followed by the leaves, stems and branches. It was concluded that different parts (such as flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and branches) of P. chinense Pursh. from Sichuan province should be divided in the clinical and productive practice, which was to supply the scientific basis for enhancing the curative effect and reasonable exploitation and utilization of the resource of P. chinense Pursh.

HPLC fingerprints of tibetan medicinal herb "songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata) / 中国中药杂志

The research was carried out to establish HPLC fingerprints of Tibetan medicinal herb "Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata), and to provide reference for identification an quality control of it. It was performed on an Amethyst-C18-P (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of methanol-0.4% formic acid in a linear gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The software for chromatographic fingerprint was applied to analyse the pattern analysis, the common peaks and similarity. Cluster analysis was done based on the common peaks data of 33 samples from different plant species and sources by SPSS software. Ten common chromatographic peaks were identified by fingerprint, showing a low similarity in constituent and variety. Flavonoids and saponins were the principal components. The number and area of peaks were affected by the collection sources and method. The high similarity are showed by the samples derived from the same area with high accuracy and high purity. The method is so simple, exclusive, stable and high repeatable that it can provide reference for identification and quality assessment of "Songdi" (S. umbellulata var. pectinata).

Adaptability and purification of dengue-III virus D9964 strain in KMB17 cells and proliferation kinetics of adapted strain / 病毒学报

To select the adaptive strain of Dengue-III virus D9964 strain (China strain) in KMB17 cells, elucidate the biological characteristics and proliferation kinetics of adapted strain,and to lay the foundation for the development dengue inactivated vaccine and attenuated live vaccine. Dengue-III virus D9964 strain was firstly identified by amplification of the type-specific gene segment of dengue virus by RT-PCR, and the titer was determined. The virus was then subcultured in KMB17 cells with 4.0 MOI till completely adaptive to multiply in cell S. After subculturing in KMB17 cells for 10 consecutive passages, the adapted strain was screened, and purified through plaque. Virus titer of each passage was measured by microtitrimetry, and the antigenicity was detected by IFA. The purified virus RNA extraction of 3-8 day cultured from KMB17 cells, was performed to detect the proliferation kinetics of adapted strain. The results showed that after continuous subculture, dengue-III virus D9964 (China) strain could stably proliferate in KMB17 cells, a highly puried virus adapted strain was obtained through plaque purification. Purified strain maintained the good antigenicity with a highest replicating activity during the 5th-6th day.

Microscopic identification of tibetan medicinal herb "Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var pectinata) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method of microscopic identification of Tibetan medicinal herb " Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The different characteristics and microscopic identification of 4 species of Songdi were compared, including the main variety (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata ) and approximate varieties (S. unguiculata, S. przewalskii and S. tanguTi,) were studied and compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The botanical anatomy characteristics of Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata (including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, stalks and fruits) have been measured. The methods for powder identifications and transverse section of stems root and leaves of four species of Songdi were established.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four species of Songdi can be identified by the growth pattern of basal leaves, type of hair, type of inflorescence, number of flowers, proportion of tissue structures in stem, form of pollen grains.</p>

Effects of hypoxia conditioned medium of cerebral cortex cells on the differentiation of neural stem cells and related signal pathways / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia conditioned medium (HCM) of cerebral cortex cells on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and to clarify the signal transduction mechanism. The cerebral cortex cells from newborn SD rats were primarily cultured for 5 d, and then the cells were cultured in environments of 4% O2, 1% O2 and normal oxygen concentration, respectively, for 6 h. The culture mediums were collected and centrifuged as the HCM and normoxia conditioned medium (NCM). The neurospheres of NSCs were obtained from the rat cerebral cortex by suspending culture. Immunohistochemical staining was used after adherence culture for 48 h to identify neurons and astrocytes in the progeny of NSCs. LY294002, a PI3-K inhibitor, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, were added into the HCM to culture NSCs for 48 h. The results showed that NSCs in the cerebral cortex could differentiate into β-Tubulin III immunoreactive neurons and GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in three conditioned mediums, and the neurons proportion in progeny of NSCs was higher than astrocytes in all three groups. The proportion of neurons in 4% HCM was higher than that in NCM (P < 0.01). But the proportion of neurons in 1% HCM was less than that in NCM (P < 0.01). Both LY294002 and SP600125 inhibited NSCs to differentiate into high proportion neurons induced by 4% HCM (P < 0.01), but the inhibitory effect of LY294002 was stronger than that of SP600125 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 4% HCM can induce NSCs to differentiate into more neurons mainly through the PI3-K pathway.

Effect of nitric oxide on the preterm neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) in the ductus arteriosus in preterm rabbits on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For 16 Japanese white rabbits pregnant for 21 days were randomly divided into four groups, each of the following groups had 4 rabbits: control group, intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside 1 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 5.0 mg/kg groups. The rabbits in control group had a peritoneal puncture with a simple hollow needle, and those in the other groups were given corresponding dose of intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside at gestational age 23 and 25 days, respectively. At gestational age 26 days the fetuses of the pregnant rabbits were removed surgically, and 28 fetal rabbits were obtained from the control group, 27 from the sodium nitroprusside small dose group, 29 from the medium dose group, and 26 from the large dose group. The fetal heart blood sample of 1 ml was taken from each fetus, and immediately after sampling the arterial ductal tissues were dissected. Fetal rabbit plasma proteins hydrogen sulfide content was determined by using de-protein method, and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used for determination of arterial tissue CSE gene and western-blotting was used for measuring protein expression of CSE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In control group hydrogen sulfide content of fetal rabbits plasma (55.68 ± 6.57) µmol/L and arterial tissue CSE mRNA expression was 1.07 ± 4.12; the parameters in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 1 mg/kg were (60.02 ± 6.09) µmol/L and 3.46 ± 0.18; in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 2.5 mg/kg, were (64.71 ± 7.12) µmol/L and 10.95 ± 0.22; and in intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside group 1 mg/kg were (70.63 ± 8.07) µmol/L and 19.56 ± 0.17. Comparison between small dose group and control group, medium dose group and small dose group, high dose group and medium dose group showed that the above data were significantly different P < 0.05, with the injection of sodium nitroprusside CSE protein expression increased gradually with increasing doses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sodium nitroprusside showed an enhancing effect on preterm CSE-H(2)S system in rabbit ductus arteriosus in a certain range of concentration in a dose-dependent manner.</p>

The analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 genetic variability in Yunnan Province, China / 病毒学报

To investigate E6 and E7 gene variations of human papillomavirus type 16 in Yunnan Province, DNA was extracted from 2000 gynecological outpatient samples. For Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping, the genomic DNA was first amplified by the consensus MY09/MY11 primer pair followed by nested PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers, then the PCR products were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. A total of 20 HPV-16 viral DNAs were identified. E6 and E7 genes of HPV-16 viral DNA were then amplified using E6 and E7 specific primers, the PCR products were purified and sequenced. The results showed that mutations were found at nucleotide position 178 of HPV-16 E6 gene in 10 cases,the mutation rate was 50%; For HPV-16 E7 gene, the mutations were found at nucleotide position 647 in 10 cases; the mutation rate was 50%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Asian (As) variants of HPV-16 were predominated in Yunnan, China. None of African-1, African-2 variants of HPV-16 was found in this region.

Implementation Situation and Problem Analysis on GAP of Chinese Traditional Medicinal Materials / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the recent implementation and problem of GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) of Chinese traditional medicinal materials(CTMM). METHODS:The sound development of GAP in recent 10 years were given an affirmation with regard to the improvement of regulations,the progress of GAP authentication,economic achievement,scientific research and training of talents,etc.Meanwhile,the limitations in variety breeding,wildlife tending,wildlife collecting,subsequent monitoring and base organization pattern were analyzed thoroughly,and the solution was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:There has been a stable development of GAP in China; however,it remains to be improved in regulations,governmental supervising,and developmental model.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of thoracictuberculosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To summarize the experience of the therapy and diagnosis of thoracictuberculosis. Methods Diagnosis and operation of 163 cases of thoracictuberculosis were analyzed.Results 163 cases of thoracic- tuberculosis were treated with focuspurge upon two weeks' anti-tuberculosis treatment.153 cases were cured upon one operation.10 cases suffered incision delayed healing and there were no recurrence cases.Conclusion Thoraeictu- berculosis was treated with focuspurge upon two weeks anti-tuberculosis treatment before operation.Complete purge of focus and postoperative compression band and residual cavity filled with music flap were important measures to prevent incision delayed healing and recurrence.

Serial analysis of gene expression in the pituitary adenomas and para-tumor normal pituitary tissues / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the characteristics and difference of gene expression in the pituitary adenomas and para-tumor normal pituitary tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), two SAGE libraries were generated. Forty clones from each SAGE library were sequenced, and the results were analyzed by SAGE2000 software and compared with the SAGE map at NCBI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 655 gene tags, representing 43 genes, were extracted from the 40 sequence files of the para-tumor normal pituitary tissues and 737 gene tags, representing 53 genes, were extracted from the 40 sequence files of the pituitary adenomas. Of these tags, 13 were not reported before. The genes related to pituitary hormone secretion and energy metabolism were highly expressed in the two kinds of tissues. Some growth factors and cytokines were also expressed, including those involved in the immunological system. But there were also much difference of gene expression in the two tissues. Thirty-one and five tags were only detected in para-tumor normal pituitary tissues and pituitary adenomas, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Genes involved in hormones secretion and energy metabolism were highly expressed in the pituitary adenomas and para-tumor normal pituitary tissues. Many growth factors and cytokines were also expressed in pituitary. There was also much difference of gene expression in the two kinds of tissues. SAGE can be used not only in understanding the quantity information of gene expression, but also in finding new genes.</p>

A novel gene involved in blood glucose regulation / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone a novel gene relative to blood glucose regulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat modes of autonomous regulation of blood glucose was made by intra jugular vein to right atrium injection of high concentration of glucose solution, and the control rats were injected with 0.9%NaCl both before skeletal muscles were separated for gene analysis. The differentially expressed fragments were identified by differential display technology (DDRT-PCR). After slot blot and Northern blot analysis, the artificial positive fragments were excluded and the true EST (expression sequence tag) differentially expressed was obtained. These positive EST were used as probes to screen cDNA library of rat skeletal muscle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A novel full-length cDNA, named as Fang-2 was obtained. GenBank Accession No. was AF399874. Fang-2 was found rat homologue of human troponin T by blast software (NCBI). It shared 78% identical nucleotides, which showed the family proteins were conservative. After high concentration of glucose stimulation of rats, the expression of Fang-2 was down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A novel gene relative to blood glucose regulation was cloned from rat skeletal muscle. The gene can regulate blood glucose level by effect certain mechanisms unknown yet with down-regulation expression.</p>